Not all problems are created equal.
Some have a clear answer. Others don’t. The key to effective leadership is recognising which is which.
The three types of problems
Simple problems are predictable.
They have a clear cause and effect. If X happens, Y follows. They might require effort for figure out, but their basis is casue and effect and the steps to solve them are straightforward. Think of following a recipe, processing routine admin, or sending a newsletter.
Complicated problems are harder but still solvable.
They might need analysis, data or specialist expertise, but there’s still a logical answer. Designing a bridge, implementing a new system or planning a detailed campaign all fall into this category.
Complex problems are different.
They involve people, relationships, and constantly shifting conditions. There’s no single right answer because the situation keeps changing. Building trust in a team, leading through change or shaping organisational culture are all examples of complex problems.
Why the difference matters
Many leaders accidentally treat complex problems as if they’re complicated ones. They try to collect more data, hold more meetings or find ‘the right’ solution – when in reality, there isn’t one.
In complex situations, you can’t predict the outcome. You have to navigate, not ‘fix’. That means experimenting, learning and adapting as you go. That can feel uncertain and uncomfortable – and in our quickly changing working world understanding the different problem solving approaches and accepting uncertainty is a leadership skill in itself.
Three tips for leading through complexity
- Slow down and step back
Before reacting, pause. Take time to understand what’s really going on. Invite different perspectives – especially from people outside your usual circle, to challenge assumptions and spot blind spots. - Experiment and learn
You learn more from action than analysis. Test ideas through small, low-risk experiments to see what works in practice. It’s not about getting it right first time, it’s about learning quickly and adjusting course. - Embrace uncertainty
There’s rarely a perfect plan. Focus on creating clarity about direction and values, and help your team feel confident navigating change together. Progress comes from curiosity, courage and connection, not control.
Complexity isn’t something to fear – it’s the reality of leadership today. The leaders who thrive are the ones who can recognise the difference, stay open to learning, and guide their teams with confidence even when the way forward isn’t clear.
🎧 For more insight on leading through complexity, listen to Episode 043 of The Quiet Leadership Revolution. Listen here.